metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5; Color: Deep forest green with occasional dark spots; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking structure); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0; Extremely tough and resistant to fracturing.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Deep forest green with occasional dark spots
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5; Color: Deep forest green with occasional dark spots; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking structure); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0; Extremely tough and resistant to fracturing.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (like serpentine or dolomite). It occurs in subduction zones where hot fluids facilitate mineral transformations.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry, sculpture, and ornamental carvings. Due to its extreme toughness, it was historically used for tools and weapons such as axe heads.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as 'Jade' (the other being Jadeite). It is famous in New Zealand, where it is known as Pounamu or Greenstone and holds significant Māori cultural value.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster when polished and its extreme toughness (it is difficult to break with a hammer). Commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, and Russia. Collectors look for translucent edges and even color saturation.
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