metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to cream; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlaced crystals); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.1.
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Dark green to cream
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to cream; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlaced crystals); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.1.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (like serpentinite) or siliceous dolomites, often in subduction zones. It has a tough, interlocking fibrous structure.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry, ornamental carvings, sculpture, and historically for durable tool-making due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as jade (the other being Jadeite). It is famous for being incredibly difficult to break because of its felted crystal structure, which was historically used for axe heads.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster when wet, extreme toughness (resistance to chipping), and lack of visible crystalline grains. Often found as water-worn cobbles in rivers near metamorphic belts like those in British Columbia, New Zealand, or Central Asia.
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