Granite

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt-and-pepper (white, gray, pink, black). Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained visible crystals). No cleavage; fractures irregularly.

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. High in silica and alkali metals. Can be found in various geological ages, often forming the cores of mountain ranges.

Uses & Applications

Used extensively in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and resistance to weathering.

Geological Facts

Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest substances in the world, second only to diamonds and certain other gemstones.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its interlocking 'mosaic' of visible mineral grains, usually including quartz (glassy), feldspar (opaque white/pink), and mica (black flakes). Found in major batholiths globally.

Identified on: 4/26/2026

Mode: Standard