metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli (Raw)
Lazurite-rich metamorphic rock; Na3Ca(Al3Si3O12)S
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale). Color: Cobalt to royal blue with gold-flecked inclusions. Luster: Dull to greasy in raw state. Structure: Isometric (massive). Cleavage: Imperfect. Specific gravity: 2.7–2.9.
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Color
- Cobalt to royal blue with gold-flecked inclusions
- Luster
- Dull to greasy in raw state
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale). Color: Cobalt to royal blue with gold-flecked inclusions. Luster: Dull to greasy in raw state. Structure: Isometric (massive). Cleavage: Imperfect. Specific gravity: 2.7–2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism of limestone or marble by granitic or alkaline intrusions. Predominantly found in ancient geological formations (Precambrian to Mesozoic) where tectonic plates collide.
Uses & applications
Used in gemstone carving, jewelry, beads, and as an ornamental stone. Historically ground into 'ultramarine' pigment for high-end paint used in the Renaissance.
Geological facts
Lapis Lazuli is a rock, not a mineral, because it is composed of several minerals: lazurite, calcite (white), and pyrite (gold). Its name comes from the Persian word 'lazhward,' meaning blue.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct 'lazurite' blue color interspersed with white calcite streaks and gold-colored brassy pyrite inclusions. Commonly found in Sar-e-Sang, Afghanistan, and the Andes of Chile.
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