Mineral

Olivine (Peridot)

Magnesium Iron Silicate ((Mg, Fe)2SiO4)

Hardness: 6.5–7 (Mohs); Color: Olive-green to lime or brownish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 3.27–4.37.

Hardness: 6
Color: Olive-green to lime or brownish-green
Luster: Vitreous

Identified March 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5–7 (Mohs); Color: Olive-green to lime or brownish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 3.27–4.37.

Formation & geological history

Formed in high-temperature mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks, such as basalt, gabbro, and peridotite. It is one of the most common minerals in the Earth's upper mantle. It crystallizes from magma and can also be found in certain meteorites.

Uses & applications

The gem-quality variety (Peridot) is used in jewelry. Industrial uses include as a refractory material (due to its high melting point), a flux in steel making, and as a sand substitute for metal casting.

Geological facts

Olivine is the primary component of the Earth's upper mantle. Interestingly, it has been found on Mars, the Moon, and within stardust collected by spacecraft. The gem-quality Peridot is the birthstone for August.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct translucent olive-green color and sugary (granular) texture when in aggregate form. It lacks the strong cleavage of other green minerals like pyroxene. Common locations include Norway, Hawaii, Arizona, and Pakistan.

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