metamorphic
Garnet (Almandine)
Almandine, Fe3Al2(SiO4)3
Hardness: 6.5-7.5 (Mohs scale); Color: deep red to reddish-brown; Luster: vitreous to resinous; Crystal structure: Isometric/Cubic (Dodecahedral); Specific gravity: 3.5-4.3
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- deep red to reddish-brown
- Luster
- vitreous to resinous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7.5 (Mohs scale); Color: deep red to reddish-brown; Luster: vitreous to resinous; Crystal structure: Isometric/Cubic (Dodecahedral); Specific gravity: 3.5-4.3
Formation & geological history
Formed through high-pressure and high-temperature regional metamorphism of clay-rich sedimentary rocks like shale. Found frequently in mica schists and gneisses.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in jewelry as birthstone beads, as an industrial abrasive (sandblasting, waterjet cutting), and in sandpaper production.
Geological facts
Garnet is the official state mineral of Connecticut and the state gemstone of New York. The name 'garnet' comes from the Latin 'granatus' meaning grain or seed, likely referring to the seeds of a pomegranate.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic dodecahedral crystal habit, lack of cleavage, and deep red color embedded in metamorphic rock. Common locations include India, Brazil, Madagascar, and the USA (New York, Idaho).
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