metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentine Group (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: olive green, yellow-green; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: perfect on {001}; Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6.
- Hardness
- 3-6 on Mohs scale
- Color
- olive green, yellow-green
- Luster
- waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: olive green, yellow-green; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: perfect on {001}; Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, which is the hydration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as an architectural decorative stone (often called 'verde antique' marble), a source of magnesium, and sometimes as a gemstone or for carvings.
Geological facts
The name comes from its snake-like green color and mottled patterns. It is the official state rock of California.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'greasy' feel and apple-green to dark green color. Often found in ophiolite complexes and along fault zones. Watch for fibrous varieties like chrysotile which can be asbestos-form.
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