Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or pink; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with sand-sized grains; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (clasts) typically in desert, river, or ocean environments over millions of years.

Uses & Applications

Used widely in construction for building stone, paving, and decorative facades. High-quality sandstone is used for manufacturing glass and as a reservoir rock in the petroleum industry.

Geological Facts

Sandstone represents about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It is porous enough to act as a significant aquifer, storing groundwater that many communities rely on.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding). It is found worldwide in sedimentary basins; look for it in cliffs, canyons, and outcrops.

Identified on: 4/29/2026

Mode: Standard