metamorphic
Jade (specifically Nephrite or Jadeite beads)
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) or Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6)
Hardness: 6.0-7.0 (Mohs); Color: Apple green to forest green (as pictured); Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: None (splintery fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.4
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Apple green to forest green (as pictured)
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-7.0 (Mohs); Color: Apple green to forest green (as pictured); Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: None (splintery fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.4
Formation & geological history
Formed through high-pressure metamorphism. Nephrite form in subduction zones involving magnesium-rich serpentinite, while Jadeite forms in high-pressure, low-temperature metamorphic environments. Most deposits range from 100 to 500 million years old.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (beads, bangles, carvings), ornamental art, and as a spiritual symbol in many cultures (Chinese and Mesoamerican). Historically used for axe heads due to extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Jade is actually tougher than diamond in terms of resistance to fracturing due to its interlocking fibrous/granular structure. It has been used for over 5,000 years for both tools and talismans.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'soapy' or greasy feel and resistance to scratching from a common steel blade. Commonly found in Myanmar (Jadeite), British Columbia, New Zealand, and Russia (Nephrite). In jewelry field tests, it remains cool to the touch longer than glass imitation beads.
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