mineral

Moss Agate

Silicon Dioxide with inclusions (SiO2 + impurities)

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: translucent white/clear with green, black, or brown dendritic inclusions; Luster: waxy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: none (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Luster: waxy to vitreous

Identified March 12, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica in cavities of volcanic rocks or sedimentary formations. The 'moss' patterns are caused by manganese or iron oxides that crystallize into dendritic patterns as the silica cools. Often found in Cenozoic era volcanic regions.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (cabochons), lapidary arts, ornamental carvings, and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors and practitioners of metaphysical healing.

Geological facts

Despite its name, Moss Agate does not contain organic matter or lichen. The 'growth' seen inside is strictly a mineral phenomenon. It was historically known as the 'Gardener's Stone' for its supposed ability to ensure a bountiful harvest.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its waxy texture and characteristic branching, plant-like inclusions visible when held to light. Common locations include India, Brazil, Uruguay, and the western United States (especially Montana and Oregon).

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