mineral

Diamond

Diamond (pure native carbon, C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale); Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown; Luster: Adamantine; Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral; Cleavage: Perfect octahedral in four directions; Specific Gravity: 3.52.

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale)
Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown
Luster: Adamantine

Identified March 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed under conditions of high temperature and pressure at depths of 140 to 190 kilometers in the Earth's mantle; most are between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years old; brought to the surface through kimberlite volcanic eruptions.

Uses & applications

Primary use in high-end jewelry (engagement rings); industrial uses include cutting tools, drill bits, and abrasives due to extreme hardness; precision optics and heat sinks in electronics.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest natural substance known to man. The famous Hope Diamond is a blue variety, while the Cullinan Diamond is the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its ability to scratch all other minerals, high thermal conductivity, and intense fire/brilliance; commonly found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits in countries like Russia, Botswana, and Canada.