mineral

Peridot (Olivine)

(Mg,Fe)2SiO4 (Magnesium Iron Silicate)

Hardness: 6.5–7 on Mohs scale; Color: Olive-green, lime-green, yellowish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.27–3.37

Hardness: 6
Color: Olive-green, lime-green, yellowish-green
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified May 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5–7 on Mohs scale; Color: Olive-green, lime-green, yellowish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.27–3.37

Formation & geological history

Formed deep within the Earth's mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic activity in basaltic rocks. It can also be found in pallasite meteorites from outer space. Most gem-quality peridot is found in volcanic pipes.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry (rings, necklaces, earrings). It is the birthstone for August. High-quality specimens are highly sought after by mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Peridot is one of the few gemstones that occurs in only one color: green. Notable specimens have been found on the island of St. John's (Zabargad) in the Red Sea, which has been mined for over 3,500 years.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive 'oily' or glassy green appearance and its tendency to be found in basaltic host rocks. In the field, look for bright green grains in dark, volcanic rock. Common locations include Arizona (USA), Myanmar, Pakistan, and Norway.

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