metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Rock containing Lazurite: (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite inclusions and white calcite veining; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (for the lazurite component); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite inclusions and white calcite veining; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (for the lazurite component); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism, where heat and pressure from intrusive igneous rocks transform limestone or dolostone. Most famous deposits are over 6,000 years old from the Sar-e-Sang mines in Afghanistan.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for high-end jewelry, decorative carvings, beads, and historically ground into the pigment ultramarine for Renaissance paintings.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians for amulets and funeral masks, including the iconic mask of Tutankhamun. It is one of the oldest known gemstones used by humans.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its intense blue color, the presence of metallic gold-colored pyrite spots, and white marble streaks. Often found in Afghanistan, Chile, and Russia. Collectors look for deep blue color with minimal white calcite.
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