metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Typically diverse shades of green, but also white, gray, and black; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregate); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Luster
- Waxy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Typically diverse shades of green, but also white, gray, and black; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregate); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolostones) or ultra-mafic igneous rocks in the presence of water. Most deposits range from the Paleozoic to Mesozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry, ornamental carvings, sculpture, and historically for tool making (axes and blades) due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is actually tougher (more resistant to fracturing) than steel and even diamond, owing to its interlocking fibrous structure. It has been used by human civilizations for over 5,000 years, particularly in China and by the Maori of New Zealand.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' or waxy luster and extreme toughness (difficult to break with a hammer). Commonly found in British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, Russia, and China. Collectors look for translucency and lack of inclusions.
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