mineral
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
Hardness: 9 (Mohs scale), Color: Blue (though can be other colors), Luster: Vitreous to sub-adamantine, Crystal structure: Trigonal, Specific gravity: 3.95-4.03
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Physical properties
Hardness: 9 (Mohs scale), Color: Blue (though can be other colors), Luster: Vitreous to sub-adamantine, Crystal structure: Trigonal, Specific gravity: 3.95-4.03
Formation & geological history
Formed in metamorphic or igneous rocks. Found in alluvial deposits.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used in jewelry due to its hardness and beauty. Historically used for protective value and status.
Geological facts
Sapphire is one of the four precious stones. The blue color is typically caused by trace amounts of iron and titanium.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its high hardness (scratches almost everything except diamond), bright blue color, and specific crystal shapes when rough. Often found in Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Australia, and Montana (USA).
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Other mineral specimens
Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Schist
Schist
Metamorphic
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite
Mineral/Rock
Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)
Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)
Metamorphic Rock
![Green Apatite on Albite (Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]) — mineral](https://media.rockidentification.com/2391a63f-fb20-47d5-af9a-2035851eb32e-thumbnail.jpg)
Green Apatite on Albite
Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]
mineral