sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (with Hematite/Limonite cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, reddish-brown, or orange due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, reddish-brown, or orange due to iron oxide
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, reddish-brown, or orange due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (0.0625 to 2 mm size) in river, lake, or ocean environments. This specimen likely formed in an oxidizing environment where iron-rich water cemented the grains together.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a construction material, as a component for glass manufacturing (if high silica), in architectural stone facades, and as a decorative garden stone or abrasive.
Geological facts
Sandstone represents about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Its porosity makes it a critical reservoir for water (aquifers) and oil/natural gas.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and distinct layers or bedding planes. It is commonly found in desert environments, plateaus, and near coastal areas.
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