mineral

Carnelian

Chalcedony (SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Orange, red, or brownish-red. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal structure: Hexagonal (trigonal), microcrystalline. Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64.

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange, red, or brownish-red
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified May 16, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Orange, red, or brownish-red. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal structure: Hexagonal (trigonal), microcrystalline. Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64.

Formation & geological history

Formed as a cryptocrystalline variety of quartz within volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Its characteristic color comes from iron oxide impurities (hematite) present during formation.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry for cabochons and beads, as well as decorative carvings, seals, and historical talismans.

Geological facts

In ancient Egypt, carnelian was associated with the blood of Isis and was frequently used in protective amulets and burial jewelry for pharaohs.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucent, waxy appearance and warm orange hue. It lacks the banding seen in agate but is found in similar environments like riverbeds and volcanic deposits. Frequently found in Brazil, India, and Uruguay.