mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black, reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to splendent; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 4.9-5.3

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black, reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to splendent

Identified April 6, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black, reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to splendent; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 4.9-5.3

Formation & geological history

Formed in sedimentary environments through precipitation in water, as a result of hydrothermal activity, or during the oxidation of iron-rich minerals. Most major deposits are in Precambrian banded iron formations.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in heavy media separation, pigments (ochre), radiation shielding, jewelry, and as therapy stones in spiritual practices.

Geological facts

Hematite always leaves a rust-red streak on a porcelain plate, even if the specimen appears metallic grey. The name is derived from the Greek word 'haimatitis', meaning blood-red.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its high density and characteristic red streak. It is often found in weathering zones and near hot springs. Common in Brazil, Australia, China, and the Lake Superior region of the USA.