sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Clastic sedimentary rock (SiO2 with Fe2O3 oxides)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, and reddish-orange (due to iron oxidation); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None/Massive; Specific Gravity: 2.2 - 2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan, brown, and reddish-orange (due to iron oxidation)
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, and reddish-orange (due to iron oxidation); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None/Massive; Specific Gravity: 2.2 - 2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The reddish hue indicates oxidation (rusting) of iron minerals within the rock or cement, often occurring in terrestrial, arid, or river environments.
Uses & applications
Primary uses include construction (as building stone or crushed aggregate), abrasive material, and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The varied colors often reflect the different oxidation states of iron minerals acting as a natural cement.
Field identification & locations
Field identification: Gritty feel like sandpaper when rubbed, may show visible layers (bedding), and grains do not flake off easily like shale. Commonly found in desert basins, river beds, and coastal areas.
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