sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Brown, tan, reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. This specific specimen appears to have iron oxide (hematite/limonite) cement, giving it a rusty brown color. Formed in high-energy environments like rivers, deserts, or shorelines.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stones, and in the production of glass (if high silica). Poor quality fragments are used as road base or fill.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It is a major reservoir for groundwater, oil, and natural gas due to its porosity/permeability.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' feel. It will scratch glass if it is quartz-based. Found globally in sedimentary basins. Look for bedding planes or layers in larger outcrops.
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