metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Mineral composition: Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2, Calcite, and Pyrite)
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep celestial blue with gold (Pyrite) or white (Calcite) flecks; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (Lazurite component); Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep celestial blue with gold (Pyrite) or white (Calcite) flecks; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (Lazurite component); Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism of limestone or marble. Major deposits occur in limestone environments and are sometimes millions of years old, often found in skarn deposits.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry, cabochons, carvings, and as a semi-precious gemstone. Historically ground into powder for the pigment 'ultramarine'.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians, who used it for amulets and ornaments like the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. It is often called the 'Stone of Kings'.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its intense blue color and the presence of glittering brassy-yellow pyrite flecks. Primary locations include the Sar-e-Sang mines in Afghanistan, Chile, and Russia.
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