mineral

Red Garnet

Pyrope-Almandine series (Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 to Fe3Al2(SiO4)3)

Hardness: 6.5-7.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep brownish-red to purplish-red; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Isometric; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.3

Hardness: 6
Color: Deep brownish-red to purplish-red
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep brownish-red to purplish-red; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Isometric; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.3

Formation & geological history

Formed under high temperature and pressure conditions, primarily in regional metamorphic rocks such as mica schists and gneisses. They are also found in some igneous rocks like granites or peridotites. They can occur in geological formations ranging from the Precambrian to the Cenozoic eras.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry (rings, pendants). Industrial-grade garnet is extensively used as an abrasive in waterjet cutting, sandblasting, and sandpaper, as well as in water filtration systems.

Geological facts

Garnet is the birthstone for January. Throughout history, garnets were believed to light up the night and protect travelers/warriors. Famous deep red garnets include the 'Pyrope Garnet Hair Comb' in the Smithsonian Museum. Unlike many gemstones, red garnets are rarely treated with heat or chemicals to enhance color.

Field identification & locations

Collectors identify them by their lack of cleavage, high refractive index (strong sparkle), and density. In the field, look for dodecahedral (12-sided) crystals in schist outcrops. Notable sources include Mozambique, India, Sri Lanka, and the United States (New York and Idaho).

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Arenite (SiO2 based)

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Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

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Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

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Epidote - Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)3(SiO4)3(OH)

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