metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to creamy white; Luster: Greasy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregate); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Dark green to creamy white
- Luster
- Greasy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to creamy white; Luster: Greasy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregate); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (like serpentinite) or limestone in the presence of silica-rich fluids. Often found in mountainous regions or as water-worn cobbles in rivers.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), ornamental carvings, statues, and historical tools due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two minerals known as 'Jade' (the other being Jadeite). It is legendary for its toughness—even more so than diamond—due to its interlocking fibrous structure which prevents fracturing.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its soapy or greasy feel, extreme resistance to breaking with a hammer, and lack of visible crystals. Commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and China.
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