Amber

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 Mohs; Color: Golden yellow to honey brown; Luster: Resinous; Crystal structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 1.05-1.09 (floats in salt water)

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the fossilized resin of extinct coniferous trees (primarily Pinus succinifera). Most specimens are from the Eocene epoch, approximately 30-50 million years old, typically found in sedimentary deposits.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used in jewelry for beads, pendants, and carvings. Also significant for scientific research when it contains preserved animal or plant inclusions (bio-inclusions).

Geological Facts

Amber is not a mineral because it is organic and lacks a crystalline structure. It is famous for trapping prehistoric insects, leaves, and even small vertebrates in near-perfect preservation.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its light weight relative to stone/glass and its warmth to the touch. It will emit a distinct pine-like odor when touched with a hot needle and will float in a saturated salt water solution.

Identified on: 4/25/2026

Mode: Standard