mineral

Citrine

Citrine (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Yellow to brownish-orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (Trigonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Yellow to brownish-orange
Luster: Vitreous

Identified April 27, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Yellow to brownish-orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (Trigonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous or metamorphic rocks such as granite or gneiss when smoky quartz or amethyst is naturally heated by geothermal activity. It occurs in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (faceting), crystal healing practices, and as a popular collector specimen. Historically used for intaglios and cameos.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is quite rare; most 'citrine' in the market is actually heat-treated amethyst. It is known as the 'Success Stone' or 'Merchant's Stone' in folklore and is the birthstone for November.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, and golden yellow color. In the field, look for hexagonal prismatic crystals. Major deposits include Brazil, Russia, and Madagascar.