mineral

Garnet

Garnet (X3Y2(SiO4)3)

Hardness: 6.5-7.5. Color: Deep red/burgundy. Luster: Vitreous to resinous. Crystal structure: Isometric (dodecahedral). Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 3.1-4.3.

Hardness: 6
Color: Deep red/burgundy
Luster: Vitreous to resinous

Identified June 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7.5. Color: Deep red/burgundy. Luster: Vitreous to resinous. Crystal structure: Isometric (dodecahedral). Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 3.1-4.3.

Formation & geological history

Formed through high-pressure and high-temperature metamorphism of sedimentary or igneous rocks (typically schist or gneiss) in the Earth's crust.

Uses & applications

Used as an abrasive in sandpaper and waterjet cutting, as a gemstone in jewelry, and as a geological timer for dating tectonic events.

Geological facts

Garnet is the birthstone for January. While predominantly red, it can occur in every color except blue in its natural state.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive 'soccer ball' shape (dodecahedron), high hardness, and lack of cleavage. Commonly found in metamorphic host rocks worldwide.