Diamond (in a jewelry setting)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale); Color: Colorless (in this specimen); Luster: Adamantine; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: Perfect in four directions; Specific Gravity: 3.51

Formation & Geological History

Formed under extreme pressure and high temperature in the Earth's mantle, approximately 90–120 miles deep. Most diamonds were formed over 1 billion years ago and brought to the surface by kimberlite volcanic eruptions.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used in high-end jewelry and engagement rings. Industrial-grade diamonds are used for cutting, drilling, and grinding due to their extreme hardness.

Geological Facts

Diamond is the hardest natural substance known to man. It is a polymorph of carbon, meaning it has the same chemical composition as graphite (pencil lead) but a different crystal structure.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its brilliance, extreme hardness (it will scratch all other minerals), and high thermal conductivity. Natural diamonds are typically found in primary deposits (kimberlite pipes) or secondary alluvial deposits in rivers and coastal areas.

Identified on: 4/18/2026

Mode: Standard