metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 (Tremolite-Actinolite series)
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Sage to deep forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous microstructures); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Sage to deep forest green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Sage to deep forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous microstructures); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomite) or ultramafic rocks in the presence of water-rich fluids. Often found in serpentinite deposits.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), ornamental carvings, sculpture, and historically for tool making due to its incredible toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher (more resistant to fracturing) than steel. In ancient China, it was known as the 'Stone of Heaven' and valued more highly than gold or silver.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster and extreme toughness. It cannot be easily scratched by a steel knife. Found commonly in British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming (USA). Collectors look for uniform color and translucency.
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