Mineral

Olivine (Peridot)

Magnesium Iron Silicate (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

Hardness: 6.5–7 (Mohs scale), Color: Olive-green to lime-green, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal structure: Orthorhombic, Cleavage: Poor, Specific gravity: 3.27–4.37.

Hardness: 6

Identified March 27, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5–7 (Mohs scale), Color: Olive-green to lime-green, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal structure: Orthorhombic, Cleavage: Poor, Specific gravity: 3.27–4.37.

Formation & geological history

Formed in the Earth's upper mantle and crystallized from silica-poor magma. It is a major component of igneous rocks like basalt, gabbro, and peridotite. Common in volcanic regions and occasionally found on meteorites.

Uses & applications

A gemstone (Peridot) for jewelry, especially as a birthstone for August. Industrially used in metal casting (sand processing) and in the steel industry to remove phosphorus.

Geological facts

Olivine is one of the most common minerals in the Earth's crust by volume, yet large gem-quality crystals are rare. It has been discovered on Mars and in comet dust during NASA's Stardust mission.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinct oily-green color and glassy appearance. Commonly found in basaltic lava fields and riverbeds near volcanic activity. Collectors look for high clarity and deep saturation in the 'Peridot' variety.

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