mineral

Citrine (Quartz variant)

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Hardness: 7.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to golden-orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7
Color: Pale yellow to golden-orange
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 14, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 7.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to golden-orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous (pegmatites) or metamorphic environments through crystallization. Most commercial citrine is produced by heat-treating Amethyst or Smoky Quartz at approximately 470°C to 560°C. Natural citrine is rare.

Uses & applications

Primary use is in jewelry as a gemstone (birthstone for November); decorative carvings; and as a common specimen for crystal collection and metaphysical purposes.

Geological facts

Naturally occurring citrine is extremely rare. Almost all 'citrine' in the global market is heat-treated amethyst, identifiable by its reddish tint and white bases. Natural citrine is usually a pale 'lemon' yellow.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, and transparent golden honey color. Commonly found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Collectors look for clarity and absence of brownish zones.