metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Tremolite-Actinolite solid solution Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs), Color: Deep forest green to blackish-green, Luster: Greasy to vitreous or waxy when polished, Structure: Monoclinic, felted interlocking fibrous matrix. Highly tough and resistant to fracturing.
- Hardness
- 6-6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs), Color: Deep forest green to blackish-green, Luster: Greasy to vitreous or waxy when polished, Structure: Monoclinic, felted interlocking fibrous matrix. Highly tough and resistant to fracturing.
Formation & geological history
Formed via metamorphosis of magnesium-rich rocks (like dolomite or serpentine) in the presence of silica-rich fluids. Found in mountain belts, often associated with serpentinite bodies.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in carving, jewelry (cabochons and beads), ornamental statues, and historically used for axe heads and weapons due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite was known as the 'Axe-Stone' because its fibrous structure makes it tougher to break than steel or diamond. It is the original 'Jade' of ancient China, used for thousands of years before Jadeite arrived from Burma.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its greasy feel, lack of cleavage, and extreme toughness. It is commonly found in stream beds or glacial deposits in British Columbia, New Zealand (Pounamu), and Siberia.
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