sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite with Iron Oxide matrix
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Reddish-brown to tan
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The reddish hue indicates iron oxide (hematite) cementation in a fluvial or desert environment.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction for paving, building stone, and decorative landscaping. Also used as a primary source for glass manufacturing if high in silica.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% to 25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Red Rocks' of the American Southwest are primarily ferruginous sandstones.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible bedding planes. Commonly found in riverbeds, canyons, and coastal cliffs. Check for grain size and cement type.
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