metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentinite (group of minerals usually (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to black with yellowish-green veining; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs scale
- Color
- Dark green to black with yellowish-green veining
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to black with yellowish-green veining; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal metamorphism of ultramafic rocks (serpentinization) in oceanic crust and upper mantle environments, typically at convergent plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, architectural facade, in carvings, as a source for magnesium, and historically as a source of asbestos.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California. Its name comes from its resemblance to the skin of a serpent. It often contains inclusions of magnetite which can make it slightly magnetic.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its distinctive 'serpent-like' green mottling, waxy feel, and softness compared to quartz. Common in ophiolite complexes.
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