mineral

Azurite

Azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)

Hardness: 3.5 to 4 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep azure blue to dark blue; Luster: Vitreous (glassy) to dull; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair/perfect in one direction; Specific Gravity: 3.77 to 3.89.

Hardness: 3
Color: Deep azure blue to dark blue
Luster: Vitreous (glassy) to dull

Identified March 29, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Azurite is a secondary mineral usually formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits. It occurs when carbonated waters act on copper-bearing minerals. It is often found associated with Malachite (green) and is typically younger than the primary copper sulfides.

Uses & applications

Historically used as a pigment for blue paint in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Today, it is primarily used for jewelry (cabochons), ornamental carvings, and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors. It also serves as a minor ore of copper.

Geological facts

Known since ancient times, the Egyptians used it as jewelry and eye makeup. It is chemically unstable in open air and can slowly transform into green Malachite through a process of hydration (weathering).

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its intense 'azure' blue color and its association with green malachite. It will effervesce (bubble) when exposed to dilute hydrochloric acid. Common locations include Morocco, Arizona (USA), Namibia, and France.