mineral

Azurite and Malachite on Matrix

Azurite: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2; Malachite: Cu2CO3(OH)2

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs); Color: Deep azure blue (Azurite) and vivid green (Malachite); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair to perfect in one direction; Specific Gravity: 3.7-3.9

Hardness: 3
Color: Deep azure blue (Azurite) and vivid green (Malachite)
Luster: Vitreous to dull

Identified March 4, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Secondary minerals formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits. They occur through the action of carbonated waters on copper-bearing minerals. Common in arid climates where water tables are deep.

Uses & applications

Major use as a collector's specimen; historically used as pigments for paint. Malachite is used in jewelry, lapidary arts, and ornamental carvings. Occurrences indicate the presence of copper ore for mining industries.

Geological facts

Azurite is often called the 'Stone of Heaven.' Over geological time, azurite naturally alters into malachite through the addition of water (hydration), which is why they are frequently found together.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by the distinct bright blue and green staining on a host rock (usually limestone or gossan). Common locations include Arizona (USA), Morocco, Namibia, and Australia. Collectors should look for vibrant color saturation.

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