metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale). Color: Sage green to deep forest green. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/massive). Cleavage: None (fractures). Specific gravity: 2.9-3.0.
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Sage green to deep forest green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale). Color: Sage green to deep forest green. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/massive). Cleavage: None (fractures). Specific gravity: 2.9-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or ultrabasic rocks. It is chemically an amphibole mineral, specifically a variety of actinolite or tremolite with a felted, fibrous texture.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for jewelry, ornamental carvings, talismans, and sculpture due to its extreme toughness and resistance to shattering.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than steel of the same density due to its interlocking fibrous structure. It was highly valued in ancient China, where it was known as the 'Stone of Heaven.'
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' luster when polished and its extreme toughness (difficulty in scratching). It is commonly found in British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, Russia, and the Kunlun Mountains of China.
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