Quartz / Citrine Quartz

Physical Properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow to pale golden/light brownish; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & Geological History

Forms in igneous (pegmatites) and metamorphic rocks through hydrothermal processes. Most commercial 'citrine' is heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz.

Uses & Applications

Used in jewelry (gemstone), electronics (piezoelectric properties), glassmaking, and as a popular collector's mineral.

Geological Facts

Natural citrine is quite rare; most available on the market is heat-induced. It is often called the 'Merchant's Stone' in folklore due to a belief it brings prosperity.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its hardness (will scratch glass), lack of cleavage, and translucent yellow hue. Look for it in pegmatite veins or as tumbled river stones.

Identified on: 4/14/2026

Mode: Standard