mineral

Native Copper

Native Copper (Cu)

Hardness: 2.5-3 (Mohs scale); Color: Copper-red to dull brown/green when oxidized; Luster: Metallic; Crystal system: Isometric/Cubic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 8.94

Hardness: 2
Color: Copper-red to dull brown/green when oxidized
Luster: Metallic

Identified March 29, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5-3 (Mohs scale); Color: Copper-red to dull brown/green when oxidized; Luster: Metallic; Crystal system: Isometric/Cubic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 8.94

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral in hydrothermal veins or secondary deposits in basaltic lavas. It often fill cavities (amygdules) or fractures. Commonly associated with the Precambrian period in major deposits.

Uses & applications

Used in electrical wiring, plumbing, electronics, and industrial alloys like brass and bronze. In mineral form, it is highly valued by collectors for its dendritic or crystalline habits.

Geological facts

Copper was the first metal to be worked by humans (starting around 8,000 BCE). While most copper is mined from ore minerals like chalcopyrite, 'native' copper occurs as an uncombined pure metal in nature.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density, metallic copper-red streak, and extreme malleability (it can be bent or flattened without breaking). Common locations include the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan (USA), Arizona, and Chile.