sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains)
Hardness: 6-7 (based on quartz content); Color: Tan, brown, yellow, red, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of mineral particles); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (based on quartz content)
- Color
- Tan, brown, yellow, red, or grey
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (based on quartz content); Color: Tan, brown, yellow, red, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of mineral particles); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized grains. Most commonly forms in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction for paving, building facades, and wall masonry. Historically used for making grindstones and sculptures.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up approximately 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Colorado is carved into local sandstone deposits.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding). Commonly found in dry, mountainous, or canyon regions. Collectors look for unique color bands or fossil inclusions.
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