mineral

Chrysocolla

Hydrated copper silicate (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·n(H2O)

Hardness: 2.5–3.5 (often harder when silicified), Color: Cyan/Blue-green, Luster: Vitreous to dull, Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic/Amorphous, Cleavage: None

Hardness: 2

Identified March 4, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5–3.5 (often harder when silicified), Color: Cyan/Blue-green, Luster: Vitreous to dull, Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic/Amorphous, Cleavage: None

Formation & geological history

Secondary mineral formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore bodies. It occurs as crusts, vein fillings, or botryoidal masses often in arid regions where copper deposits are weathering.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a minor ore of copper, as a gemstone for jewelry (cabochons and beads), and as a popular mineral specimen for collectors.

Geological facts

Chrysocolla is often confused with turquoise but can be distinguished by its lower hardness and tendency to 'stick' to the tongue due to its high water content. It has been used since antiquity; its name comes from the Greek 'chrysos' (gold) and 'kolla' (glue), referring to its use as a soldering agent.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its vivid blue-green color associated with copper stains (malachite/azurite) and iron oxides (limonite). Commonly found in the Southwestern USA (Arizona), Chile, and the DRC.

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