mineral

Citrine

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Yellow to brownish-orange, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal), Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65

Identified May 12, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Yellow to brownish-orange, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal), Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous or metamorphic rocks, often within pegmatites or hydrothermal veins. Natural citrine gets its color from trace amounts of iron and natural irradiation over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (as a November birthstone), crystal healing, and as a popular mineral specimen for collectors.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is quite rare; most 'citrine' in the market is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz. It is often called the 'Merchant's Stone' or 'Success Stone' in metaphysical circles.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (will scratch glass), lack of cleavage, and transparent yellow color. It is commonly found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. True natural citrine usually has a uniform pale yellow color compared to the burnt orange look of heat-treated pieces.