metamorphic
Rough Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs. Color: Deep spinach green, grey-green, or mottled dark green. Luster: Greasy to waxy. Structure: Monoclinic, characterized by an extremely tough, interlocking fibrous (felted) micro-texture. Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Deep spinach green, grey-green, or mottled dark green
- Luster
- Greasy to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs. Color: Deep spinach green, grey-green, or mottled dark green. Luster: Greasy to waxy. Structure: Monoclinic, characterized by an extremely tough, interlocking fibrous (felted) micro-texture. Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed via contact metamorphism or metasomatism of magnesium-rich rocks such as limestone or peridotite by silica-rich hydrothermal fluids. Found in mountain ranges and riverbeds where erosion has exposed the metamorphic core.
Uses & applications
Extensively used for ornamental carvings, jewelry (cabochons and beads), and historically for durable weapon heads and tools due to its exceptional toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than diamond despite being softer; while a diamond resists scratching, nephrite's fibrous interior prevents it from fracturing easily under impact. It has been used by humans for over 7,000 years, notably in China and by the Maori of New Zealand.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its high density, waxy feel, and extreme resistance to breaking with a hammer. It is commonly found in British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, Wyoming (USA), and Russia. Collectors look for translucency when held to a light source.
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