Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: White, tan, or light grey; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles (usually quartz or feldspar) in environments like river beds, deserts, or beaches over millions of years.

Uses & Applications

Commonly used as a building material, in decorative masonry, as an abrasive in glass making, and for ornamental garden stones.

Geological Facts

Sandstone can preserve fossilized footprints and ripple marks from ancient environments. It is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth's crust.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' texture and visible grains. It can be scratched by a steel file but not easily by a fingernail. Often found in layered outcrops or as weathered river pebbles.

Identified on: 4/25/2026

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