metamorphic
Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) or Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Emerlad green to dark forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: None (fibrous/granular structure); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.4
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Emerlad green to dark forest green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Emerlad green to dark forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: None (fibrous/granular structure); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.4
Formation & geological history
Formed through high-pressure metamorphism. Nephrite is found in metamorphic regions near subduction zones, while Jadeite forms at much greater depths and higher pressures in the Earth's crust.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (cabochons, rings), ornamental carvings, sculptures, and historically for blade edges or ritual objects.
Geological facts
There are two distinct minerals called Jade: Nephrite and Jadeite. Jadeite is rarer and more valuable. It has been used for over 5,000 years in China and Mesoamerica for its extreme toughness.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its high degree of toughness (resistance to fracturing), greasy luster, and inability to be scratched by a steel pocket knife. Found commonly in Myanmar, Canada, Russia, and New Zealand.
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