mineral

Amethyst

Amethyst (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale. Color: Pale lilac to deep purple. Luster: Vitreous (glassy). Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal). Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Pale lilac to deep purple
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified June 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale. Color: Pale lilac to deep purple. Luster: Vitreous (glassy). Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal). Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins and geodes in volcanic rock. The purple color comes from irradiation of trivalent iron impurities (Fe3+) in the quartz crystal lattice.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry, decorative ornaments, and by mineral collectors. Historically used for drinking vessels.

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was believed to protect its owner from drunkenness. It is the birthstone for February.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive purple color, lack of cleavage, and hexagonal crystal shapes. Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, South Korea, and various locations in the USA.