Turquoise (with Hematite)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Sky blue to blue-green; Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous; Crystal system: Triclinic (usually massive/cryptocrystalline); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9. Accompanied by metallic grey metallic hematite beads.

Formation & Geological History

A secondary mineral formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals (copper-bearing rocks) in arid environments.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry, decorative carvings, and as a collector's specimen.

Geological Facts

Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones in human history, used by Egyptians, Aztecs, and Native Americans for over 5,000 years. The 'veins' in the blue beads are often called the matrix.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its unique 'robin's egg' blue color and black/brown matrix. In the field, it is found in arid regions like Arizona, Iran, and China. Collectors look for high color saturation and hardness.

Identified on: 4/25/2026

Mode: Standard