Marble

Physical Properties

Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: White with grey veining; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Trigonal (granular/massive texture); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral in calcite grains; Specific gravity: 2.6-2.8.

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the regional or contact metamorphism of limestone or dolostone, where heat and pressure cause the recrystallization of carbonate minerals into an interlocking mosaic.

Uses & Applications

Extensively used in construction for flooring, countertops, and wall tiles; also used in sculpture and as an architectural decorative stone.

Geological Facts

Pure white marble results from the metamorphism of very pure limestone. The colorful swirls and veins are typically due to mineral impurities such as clay, silt, sand, or iron oxides.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its softness (can be scratched by a copper coin) and vigorous reaction to dilute hydrochloric acid. It is commonly found in mountainous regions underlain by ancient carbonate sea beds.

Identified on: 5/4/2026

Mode: Standard