metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Deep forest green with lighter streaks, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous microstructures), Cleavage: Indistinct, Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03
- Hardness
- 6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Deep forest green with lighter streaks, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous microstructures), Cleavage: Indistinct, Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed via contact metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration of serpentinite or dolomitic limestones. It is characterized by an extremely tough felted texture of tremolite-actinolite mineral fibers.
Uses & applications
Extensively used for jewelry (pendants, beads), ornamental carvings, statues, and historical tools. It is valued for its extreme toughness and resistance to fracturing.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than steel due to its interlocking fibrous structure. It was used in prehistoric times for axe heads and weapons for this reason. In Chinese culture, it is known as the 'Stone of Heaven.'
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its high density and distinctive 'clink' sound when struck compared to glassy rocks. Found commonly in British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, China, and Wyoming (USA). To identify, look for waxy luster and the inability to be scratched by a common knife.
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