metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark spinach green to grey-green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking structure); Cleavage: Good (though rarely seen due to toughness); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Dark spinach green to grey-green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark spinach green to grey-green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking structure); Cleavage: Good (though rarely seen due to toughness); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed via contact metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones or dolomites, or through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks. Found in metamorphic belts worldwide, often ranging from Precambrian to Cenozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), ornamental carvings, and sculpture. Historically used for axe heads and weapons due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is actually tougher (more resistant to fracturing) than diamond because of its tightly interlocking fibrous structure. It was highly prized in ancient China, where it was known as the 'Stone of Heaven'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' feel when polished and its extreme resistance to breaking. Commonly found in British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming (USA). Collectors look for uniform color and translucency.
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