metamorphic
Greenstone / Nephrite Jade
Tremolite-actinolite series (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Dark green, grayish-green, or olive; Luster: Waxy to dull in raw form; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: None (highly tough due to interlocking fibers)
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Dark green, grayish-green, or olive
- Luster
- Waxy to dull in raw form
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Dark green, grayish-green, or olive; Luster: Waxy to dull in raw form; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: None (highly tough due to interlocking fibers)
Formation & geological history
Formed through low-grade metamorphism of mafic igneous rocks or magnesium-rich limestones in subduction zones. These are often millions of years old, found in oceanic-continental collision zones.
Uses & applications
Historically used for tools and weapons due to extreme toughness; currently used in jewelry, ornamental carving, and as a decorative stone.
Geological facts
Nephrite jade is one of two minerals known as jade. It is tougher than steel because of its felted, interlocking fibrous structure, making it incredibly resistant to fracturing.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'greasy' feel when wet, high density, and extreme toughness. Commonly found in riverbeds or coastal areas near tectonic plate boundaries.
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